Sustainable resource optimization under water-energy-food-carbon nexus

Pressures from growing demands and shrinking supplies have reached a critical junction in major global resources, particularly water, energy, food (WEF). Recognizing the complex interaction across those highly interconnected nexus concept evolved to boost efficiencies all pillars. Several modeling efforts tried capture complexity of this problem, but most attempts captured only one or two pillars, remained localized fixed case-studies applications, used simulations assess pre-defined scenarios rather than solving for optimum solutions under defined objective function constraints. Here, we present an optimization model resource management allocation at regional scale. The was successfully validated using hypothetical case study test its efficiency several availability different policy targets. results enhanced understanding interlinkages among sectors by demonstrating sensitivity WEF adopted strategies. For example, imposing variety constraints changed water consumption order magnitude more doubled energy requirements. Moreover, adopting renewable may cause increased land, can significantly cut CO2 emissions. serves as effective decision-making tool that enables makers multiple sources recommends various policy, technology,